INTRODUCTION

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total knee replacement (TKR) is a typical muscular medical procedure that includes supplanting the articular surfaces (femoral condyles and tibial level) of the knee joint with smooth metal and exceptionally cross-connected polyethylene plastic. TKA expects to work on the personal satisfaction of people with end-stage osteoarthritis by reducing pain and expanding function and was found to work on patients' sports and actual work. The Knee is a changed pivot joint that permits flexion and extension movements, with small measures of internal and external turn. Three bones structure the knee joint: the upper piece of the tibia, the lower part of the femur and the patella. The articular surfaces are covered with a thin layer of cartilage.  The knee joint is built up by tendons and a joint container. Post-operative rehabilitation programmes include gait re-education, knee range of movement exercises and strengthening exercises. Emphasis is placed on restoring optimal knee range of movement and gluteal, quadriceps, hamstrings and calf strengthening exercises also be included. Despite this, muscle weakness and functional limitations persist following TKA. Patients walk a more slowly and more prominent trouble arranging steps and performing exercises of day to day living than age-matched people without knee pathology. These useful constraints are related with relentless muscle weakness exhibited in TKA patients when contrasted with age matched controls . It is hence essential to have a superior comprehension of explicit and relentless muscle weakness post TKA that will help recovery projects to be more designated and powerful.

The gluteal muscles have an important role in TKR. Strengthening your glutes normalizes hip and thigh position, reduces the loading force on the knee joint and prevents the knees from caving in on each other when landing from a jump, squatting, or running. The gluteal muscles, also referred to as glutes or buttock muscles, are a muscle group comprising of the gluteus maximus, gluteus Medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae muscles. They are viewed as in the gluteal,  overlying the back part of the pelvic support and the proximal piece of the femur. The main functions of the gluteus maximus muscle are the extension and external rotation of the thigh at the hip joint. Additionally, its superior part can produce thigh abduction, while the inferior part causes the thigh adduction. The gluteus minimus acts in synergy with the gluteus Medius to abduct and internally rotate the thigh and contributes to the stabilization of the hip and pelvis.

When your glutes are weak, your thigh tends to rotate inwards. This is an abnormal position that puts a lot of stress on the knee increasing the risk of problems. The gluteal muscles are important for a variety of activities including walking, standing on one leg, and walking up the stairs. Gluteal strengthening exercise is essential to TKR surgery patients and should be included in rehabilitation program in early stages to be conducted systematically. The strength of lower limb muscle groups other than gluteal muscles are also  influence utilitarian result in patients with TKA. Although there was a trend towards quadriceps,  hamstrings and calf weakness in patients, . Powerless gluteal muscles and lower leg muscles have implications  for the gait of patients with TKA. Diminished gluteal strength along with  diminished  hamstring, quadriceps strength might influence the patients' equilibrium as co-contraction of the gluteal and quadriceps are significant for knee proprioception and joint strength . The lower leg plantar flexors are basic to both supporting the body and accomplishing fast speeds of walking, and in individuals with gait abnormalities it has been shown that unfortunate lower leg plantar flexor capability during gait is a strong predictor of poor mobility outcome. knee extension during stance is partially controlled by gluteus maximus working as an antagonist. During the stance and swing stages, gluteus maximus contributes  to hip extension, furthermore, controls the rate of hip flexion. When gluteus maximus was excluded from the stance limb, hip flexion was delayed. This was found to prevent initiation  of hip extension and of the third rocker stage consequently inciting delayed stance-phase knee flexion. Squats,lunges,bridge,standing clamshell, straight leg raise, heel raise these are the common gluteal training exercises.

the role of the gluteal muscles in maintaining a correct knee position in the coronal plane during different exercises, numerous studies have shown that greater strength of the GMe and GMa may prevent DKV and thus, non-contact  injuries., it has been proven that increased knee abduction moment is predicted by reduced GMe force, causing increased lateral ground reaction forces during a jump in both young males and females. Several laboratory studies have proven neuromuscular deficits and muscular fatigue, causing knee kinematic alterations and the increased risk of injury. The  influence of the gluteal muscles on maintaining a correct coronal axis of the knee during activities, such as walking or running. Squats,lunges,bridge,standing clamshell, straight leg raise, heel raise these are the common gluteal training exercises